Sains Malaysiana 54(2)(2025): 325-332

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2025-5402-01

 

Functional Red Palm Oil as a Fish Oil Alternative on Growth, Feed Utilization, and Coloration in Giant Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii

(Minyak Sawit Merah Berfungsi sebagai Alternatif Minyak Ikan pada Pertumbuhan, Penggunaan Makanan dan Pewarnaan Udang Galah Macrobrachium rosenbergii)

 

CHAIW-YEE, TEOH^1,2,*, XIU YANG JOHNSON, WONG¹ & PIT SZE, LIEW³

 

¹Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
²Centre for Agriculture and Food Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
³Sunzen Group of Companies, Kota Kemuning, 40460 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

 

Received: 19 July 2024/Accepted: 8 November 2024

 

Abstract

Functional red palm oil (FRPO), rich in bioactive compounds, enhances digestion, metabolism, immune function, and coloration in aquatic species. Given Malaysia’s robust palm oil industry, investigating FRPO as a sustainable, locally-sourced lipid alternative for aquaculture industry is essential. A 32-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of substituting dietary fish oil (FO) with FRPO on growth performance, survival rate, coloration and feed utilization of giant freshwater prawn (GFP), Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Three experimental diets were formulated to contain different lipid sources: Diet 1 (100% of FO), Diet 2 (50% FO + 50% FRPO), and Diet 3 (100% of FRPO). A total of 180 prawns with average weight of 0.35 g were assigned into nine tanks and fed twice daily to satiation. Results showed that prawns fed with Diet 2 had significantly (p < 0.05) better feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, percentage weight gain and final weight than other two groups. However, no significant (p > 0.05) difference was observed in the survival rate of the experimental prawns. All prawns showed significant differences in lightness (L*), while those fed Diet 3 showing significantly higher redness (a*) compared to the other groups. It is evident that a 50% inclusion of FRPO can enhance pellet palatability, significantly boost growth performance, feed utilization, and coloration in GFP. These findings suggest that FRPO is a viable, sustainable alternative to FO, advancing the development of aquafeeds with local ingredients.

 

Keywords: Body coloration; fish oil; giant freshwater prawn; palm oil

 

Abstrak

Minyak sawit merah berfungsi (FRPO) yang kaya dengan sebatian bioaktif, meningkatkan pencernaan, metabolik, fungsi imunisasi dan pewarnaan sepsis akuatik. Memandangkan industri minyak sawit Malaysia yang kukuh, penyelidikan FRPO sebagai alternatif lipid yang mampan dan sumber tempatan untuk industri akuakultur adalah penting. Satu uji kaji selama 32 hari telah dijalankan untuk menilai kesan penggantian minyak ikan (FO) dalam diet dengan FRPO terhadap prestasi pertumbuhan, kadar kelangsungan hidup, pewarnaan dan penggunaan makanan udang galah (GFP), Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Tiga diet uji kaji telah dirumuskan untuk mengandungi sumber lipid yang berbeza: Diet 1 (100% FO), Diet 2 (50% FO + 50% FRPO) dan Diet 3 (100% FRPO). Sebanyak 180 ekor udang dengan berat badan individu purata 0.35 g telah dibahagikan sama rata ke dalam sembilan tangki. Udang diberi makan sehingga kenyang dua kali sehari. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa GFP yang diberi makan Diet 2 mempunyai kadar penukaran makanan, kadar pertumbuhan khusus, peratusan kenaikan berat badan dan berat akhir yang lebih baik secara signifikan (p < 0.05) berbanding dengan GFP kumpulan lain. Walau bagaimanapun, tiada perbezaan yang signifikan (p > 0.05) diperhatikan dalam kadar kelangsungan hidup udang uji kaji. Semua udang menunjukkan perbezaan yang signifikan dalam kecerahan (L*), sementara udang yang diberi Diet 3 menunjukkan kemerahan (a*) yang lebih tinggi dengan signifikan berbanding kumpulan lain. Jelas bahawa penggunaan 50% FRPO dapat meningkatkan kesukaan makanan seterusnya meningkatkan prestasi pertumbuhan, penggunaan makanan, dan pewarnaan dalam GFP secara signifikan. Kajian ini mencadangkan bahawa FRPO adalah alternatif yang mampan dan berdaya maju kepada FO, serta dapat memajukan pembangunan makanan akuakultur dengan bahan tempatan.

 

Kata kunci: Minyak ikan; minyak kelapa sawit; udang galah; warna badan

 

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*Corresponding author; email: cyteoh@utar.edu.my